Monday, 25 June 2012

Different parts of Digestive System


The Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Your digestive system is uniquely constructed to perform its specialized function of turning food into the energy you need to survive and packaging the residue for waste disposal. To help you understand how the many parts of the digestive system work together, here is an overview of the structure and function of this complex system.
MouthThe mouth is the beginning of the digestive tract; and, in fact, digestion starts here when taking the first bite of food. Chewing breaks the food into pieces that are more easily digested, while saliva mixes with food to begin the process of breaking it down into a form your body can absorb and use.
EsophagusLocated in your throat near your trachea (windpipe), the esophagus receives food from your mouth when you swallow. By means of a series of muscular contractions called peristalsis, the esophagus delivers food to your stomach.
StomachThe stomach is a hollow organ, or "container," that holds food while it is being mixed with enzymes that continue the process of breaking down food into a usable form. Cells in the lining of the stomach secrete a strong acid and powerful enzymes that are responsible for the breakdown process. When the contents of the stomach are sufficiently processed, they are released into the small intestine.
Small intestineMade up of three segments — the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum — the small intestine is a 22-foot long muscular tube that breaks down food using enzymes released by the pancreas and bile from the liver. Peristalsis also is at work in this organ, moving food through and mixing it with digestive secretions from the pancreas and liver. The duodenum is largely responsible for the continuous breaking-down process, with the jejunum and ileum mainly responsible for absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.
Contents of the small intestine start out semi-solid, and end in a liquid form after passing through the organ. Water, bile, enzymes, and mucous contribute to the change in consistency. Once the nutrients have been absorbed and the leftover-food residue liquid has passed through the small intestine, it then moves on to the large intestine, or colon.
PancreasThe pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum, the first segment of the small intestine. These enzymes break down protein, fats, and carbohydrates. The pancreas also makes insulin, secreting it directly into the bloodstream. Insulin is the chief hormone for metabolizing sugar.
LiverThe liver has multiple functions, but its main function within the digestive system is to process the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine. Bile from the liver secreted into the small intestine also plays an important role in digesting fat. In addition, the liver is the body’s chemical "factory." It takes the raw materials absorbed by the intestine and makes all the various chemicals the body needs to function. The liver also detoxifies potentially harmful chemicals. It breaks down and secretes many drugs.
GallbladderThe gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, and then releases it into the duodenum to help absorb and digest fats.
Colon (large intestine)The colon is a 6-foot long muscular tube that connects the small intestine to the rectum. The large intestine is made up of the cecum, the ascending (right) colon, the transverse (across) colon, the descending (left) colon, and the sigmoid colon, which connects to the rectum. The appendix is a small tube attached to the cecum. The large intestine is a highly specialized organ that is responsible for processing waste so that emptying the bowels is easy and convenient.
Stool, or waste left over from the digestive process, is passed through the colon by means of peristalsis, first in a liquid state and ultimately in a solid form. As stool passes through the colon, water is removed. Stool is stored in the sigmoid (S-shaped) colon until a "mass movement" empties it into the rectum once or twice a day. It normally takes about 36 hours for stool to get through the colon. The stool itself is mostly food debris and bacteria. These bacteria perform several useful functions, such as synthesizing various vitamins, processing waste products and food particles, and protecting against harmful bacteria. When the descending colon becomes full of stool, or feces, it empties its contents into the rectum to begin the process of elimination.
RectumThe rectum (Latin for "straight") is an 8-inch chamber that connects the colon to the anus. It is the rectum's job to receive stool from the colon, to let the person know that there is stool to be evacuated, and to hold the stool until evacuation happens. When anything (gas or stool) comes into the rectum, sensors send a message to the brain. The brain then decides if the rectal contents can be released or not. If they can, the sphincters relax and the rectum contracts, disposing its contents. If the contents cannot be disposed, the sphincter contracts and the rectum accommodates so that the sensation temporarily goes away.
AnusThe anus is the last part of the digestive tract. It is a 2-inch long canal consisting of the pelvic floor muscles and the two anal sphincters (internal and external). The lining of the upper anus is specialized to detect rectal contents. It lets you know whether the contents are liquid, gas, or solid. The anus is surrounded by sphincter muscles that are important in allowing control of stool. The pelvic floor muscle creates an angle between the rectum and the anus that stops stool from coming out when it is not supposed to. The internal sphincter is always tight, except when stool enters the rectum. It keeps us continent when we are asleep or otherwise unaware of the presence of stool. When we get an urge to go to the bathroom, we rely on our external sphincter to hold the stool until reaching a toilet, where it then relaxes to release the contents.

Saturday, 23 June 2012

3D "Sholay" V/S "Ek tha Tiger"

3D 'Sholay' vs 'Ek Tha Tiger'

Saturday, June 23, 2012

Bollywood's all-time favourite and blockbuster film 'Sholay' is all set to come again on big screen in with a twist of latest technology.
The classic Amitabh Bachchan-Dharmendra starrer is reported to be back in cinema houses in 3D format this Independence Day.
Buzz is that the new version of 'Sholay' has been planned to be released on 15th August 2012, the same week when Salman Khan-Katrina Kaif starrer 'Ek Tha Tiger' releases, that is, on 13th August.
However, some sources say that the makers of the new 3D 'Sholay' were bit apprehensive to release at the said date, owing to the competition set by Salman Khan's action movie, because the film's trailer has already become a huge hit.And so they are planning to push the release date to some other day.
But on the other hand, distributor and financer Jayantilal Gada rubbished the postponing idea and stated that they are not concern about releasing 3D 'Sholay' in the same week of 'Ek Tha Tiger' release and since it's such a popular classic movie that audience will surely come to watch it.
He added to say that as a matter of fact, 3D 'Sholay' is not ready with its sound and the movie's team is working towards it at present.
Hmmm, but going by the powerful and successful tag which Salman Khan movies carry these days, some are really doubtful about 3D 'Sholay' running alongside with 'Ek Tha Tiger' same week. Let's see what happens at the Box Office then and wait to see who is the winner Gabbar Singh ya Tiger.

Wednesday, 20 June 2012

S3 Galaxy launched in India


Samsung Galaxy S3 launched in India at Rs 43,180; eyes 60% of Indian smartphone market

(Bollywood actress Nargis…)
NEW DELHI: Korean handset giant Samsung on Thursday said it expects to capture 60 per cent share of the Indian smartphone market this year on the back of a slew of new devices, including its latest Galaxy SIII.
"According to third party data, we have over 46 per cent share in the Indian smartphone market. We are confident of increasing this to 60 per cent this year," Samsung India Head (Mobile and IT) Ranjit Yadav told reporters here. The Indian smartphone market is pegged to grow to about 18 million units in 2012, he added.
In the first four months of this year, the company has announced the launch of 10 new mobile handsets, including its new dual-sim smartphones like Galaxy Y Duos and Galaxy Y Pro Duos, taking the basket to 19 in the price range of between Rs 7,830 and Rs 38,290.
To consolidate its position in India, the company today launched its latest Galaxy SIII handset, priced at Rs 43,180. Unveiled initially in London, the handset will be available for sale in India from tomorrow.
Samsung Galaxy S3
Samsung Galaxy S3
"India, one of the world's largest mobile market, is indeed very important to us as it contributes substantial portion of our global sales. We see India as one of key growth markets 2012 going forward, especially in smartphone segment where we have observed overwhelming growth in last couple of quarters," he said.
The much-awaited Galaxy S-III smartphone, powered by Android operating system 4.0, is touted as a strong competitor to the yet-to be launched iPhone 5 (expected to be launched later this year).
Samsung recently dethroned long-time leader Nokia, snatching the numero uno position from the Finnish company in the first quarter of 2012 with 86.6 million units global shipment, as per research firm Gartner. It also outshone Apple with sales of 38 million units worldwide, the research firm had said.
Samsung Galaxy S-III comes with a 4.8-inch screen, bigger than its highly successful predecessor Galaxy S-II.
According to reports, the new smartphone had recorded the highest pre bookings orders to the tune of nine million after it was unveiled earlier this month in London.
Samsung Galaxy S3
Samsung Galaxy S3
The phone packs a bunch of features like 'Smart stay', in which the device recognises when you are looking at the phone and maintains a bright display for continued viewing pleasure.
The Galaxy S III also introduces 'Pop up play' feature, which allows user to watch HD videos on the phone while sending an email or text simultaneously.
The phone also boasts of an eight-megapixel camera along with a zero-lag shutter speed, which allows users capture moving objects without delay. It also comes with Near Field Communication (NFC) technology.
Smartphones are expected to constitute about 30 per cent to the company's total mobile and IT division revenues, up from last year's 15 per cent contribution.

Tuesday, 19 June 2012

How to increase your Height after 18+


Many people I met are much worried about their height.
So here are some tips to how to increase your height after 18+.
First and the most common is to exercise and do morning walk. This makes you grow well.
2 Eat as much breakfast as you can up to fill. This makes your metabolism* strong. Try to eat less meal but after every 2-3 hours.
3) The most important point is to sleep well. It is the dark or night time that matters for your growth. As muscles grow in dark only. Try to sleep in absolute dark or least light to make your muscles relax and they will grow well.
4) Try to keep your head and neck as much straight as possible. Your spinal cord will suppress your height increase if you bow your head most of the time.
5) Never do immoral acts as this suppresses your primary growth(increase of height, muscles etc) and initiate your secondary growth (puberty).
6) Finally, there is an homeopathic pill named "Baryta Carbonicam**" which is a great pill to increase your height with absolutely 0% side effects and is very cheap. (I spent Rs130, less than 2$)
Disclaimer: I'm not an official advertiser of this product nor i get any kind of profit from its sale.
*Metabolism: The overall reactions of your body
** Baryta Carbonicam it is a homeopathic pill. I personally used it and after 3-4 doses of it have 2 inches increase in my height after 20+. Please do not use it without the advice of an homeopathic doctor.

Earn upto Rs. 9,000 pm with PaisaLive.com!
on http://www.PaisaLive.com/register.asp?5231870-8455872 

Monday, 18 June 2012

New Delhi's Red Fort history



The Red Fort Complex *
Red Fort 2.jpg
The Red Fort is a prominent fort in Delhi
CountryIndia
TypeCultural
Criteriaii, iii, vi
Reference231
Region **Asia-Pacific
Inscription history
Inscription2007 (31st Session)
Name as inscribed on World Heritage List
** Region as classified by UNESCO
The Red Fort (Hindiलाल क़िलाUrduلال قلعہ, usually transcribed into English as Lal Qil'ah or Lal Qila) is a 17th century fort complex constructed by the Mughal emperorShah Jahan in the walled city of Old Delhi (in present day DelhiIndia) that served as the residence of the Mughal Emperors. It also served as the capital of the Mughals until 1857, when Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar was exiled by the British Indiangovernment. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007.[1] It covers a total area of about 254.67 acres. Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, started construction of the red fort in 1638 and work was completed in 1648 (10 years).[2] The Red Fort was originally referred to as "Qila-i-Mubarak" (the blessed fort), because it was the residence of the royal family . The layout of the Red Fort was organised to retain and integrate this site with the Salimgarh Fort. The fortress palace was an important focal point of the medieval city of Shahjahanabad. The planning and aesthetics of the Red Fort represent the zenith of Mughal creativity which prevailed during the reign of Emperor Shah Jahan. This Fort has had many developments added on after its construction by Emperor Shahjahan. The significant phases of development were under Aurangzeb and later Mughal rulers. Important physical changes were carried out in the overall settings of the site after the Indian Mutiny in 1857. After Independence, the site experienced a few changes in terms of addition/alteration to the structures. During the British period the Fort was mainly used as a cantonment and even after Independence, a significant part of the Fort remained under the control of the Indian Army until the year 2003. The Red Fort is an attraction for tourists from around the world.
The Red Fort was the palace for Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan's new capital, Shahjahanabad (present day Old Delhi), the seventh city in the Delhi site. He moved his capital here from Agra in a move designed to bring prestige to his reign, and to provide ample opportunity to apply his ambitious building schemes and interests.
The fort lies along the Yamuna River, which fed the moats that surround most of the wall. The wall at its north-eastern corner is adjacent to an older fort, the Salimgarh Fort, a defence built by Islam Shah Suri in 1546.The construction of the Red Fort began in 1638 and was completed by 1648.
The Indian flag flying from Delhi Gate
A treaty signed in 1752 made Marathas the protector of the Mughal throne at Delhi.[3] In 1761, after the Marathas lost the third battle of Panipat, Delhi was raided by Ahmed Shah Abdali. In 1803, during the Second Anglo-Maratha War, the forces of British East India Company defeated the Maratha forces in the Battle of Delhi, ending the Maratha rule over the city and their control over the fort.[4]
The last Mughal emperor to occupy the fort was Bahadur Shah II "Zafar". Despite being the seat of Mughal power and its defensive capabilities, the Red Fort was not defended during the 1857 uprising against the British. After the failure of the 1857 rebellion, Zafar left the fort on 17 September. He returned to Red Fort as a prisoner of the British. Zafar was tried on in a trial starting on 27 January 1858, and was exiled on 7 October.

Thursday, 14 June 2012

Top 10 Richest person in the world

Carlos Slim Helu - 1st place in Richest Man Top 2011

Carlos Slim Helu
Carlos Slim Helu (born January 28, 1940) is a Mexican business magnate and philanthropist who as of 2011 is the richest man in the world, for the second year in a row. He is the chairman and chief executive of telecommunications companies Telmex and America Movil and has extensive holdings in other Mexican companies through his conglomerate, Grupo Carso SAB, as well as business interests elsewhere in the world.America Movil, which in 2010 was Latin America's largest mobile-phone carrier, accounted for around US$49 billion of Slim's wealth by the end of 2010. His corporate holdings as of March 2011 have been estimated at US$74 billion.On March 29, 2007, Slim surpassed Warren Buffett as the world's second richest person with an estimated net worth of $53.1 billion compared to Buffet's $52.4 billion.On August 4, 2007, The Wall Street Journal ran a cover story profiling Slim. The article said, "While the market value of his stake in publicly traded companies could decline at any time, at the moment he is probably wealthier than Bill Gates". According to The Wall Street Journal, Slim credits part of his ability to "discover investment opportunities" early to the writings of his friend, futurist author Alvin Toffler.On August 8, 2007, Fortune reported that Slim had overtaken Gates as the world's richest man. Slim's estimated fortune soared to $59 billion, based on the value of his public holdings at the end of July.Bill Gates net worth was estimated to be at least $58 billion.On March 5, 2008, Forbes ranked Slim as the world's second-richest person, behind Warren Buffettand ahead of Bill Gates.On March 11, 2009, Forbes ranked Slim as the world's third-richest person, behind Gates and Buffettand ahead of Larry Ellison.On March 10, 2010, Forbes once again reported that Slim had overtaken Gates as the world's richest man, with a net worth of $53.5 billion. Bill Gates and Warren Buffett now have a net worth of $53 billion and $47 billion respectively. He was the first Mexican to top the list. It was the first time in 16 years that the person on top of the list was not from the United States. It was also the first time the person at the top of the list was from an "emerging economy."In March 2011, Forbes stated that Slim had maintained his position as the wealthiest person in the world, with his fortune estimated at $74 billion.

Bill Gates - 2nd place in Richest Man Top 2011

Bill Gates
William Henry "Bill" Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate, investor, philanthropist, and author. Gates is the former CEO and current chairman of Microsoft, the software company he founded with Paul Allen. He is consistently ranked among the world's wealthiest people and was the wealthiest overall from 1995 to 2009, excluding 2008, when he was ranked third. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of CEO and chief software architect, and remains the largest individual shareholder, with 6.4 percent of the common stock. He has also authored or co-authored several books.
Bill Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution.Bill Gates has been criticized for his business tactics, which have been considered anti-competitive, an opinion which has in some cases been upheld by the courts. In the later stages of his career, Gates has pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors, donating large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, established in 2000.
Bill Gates stepped down as chief executive officer of Microsoft in January 2000. He remained as chairman and created the position of chief software architect. In June 2006, Bill Gates announced that he would be transitioning from full-time work at Microsoft to part-time work, and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. He gradually transferred his duties to Ray Ozzie, chief software architect, and Craig Mundie, chief research and strategy officer. Gates' last full-time day at Microsoft was June 27, 2008. He remains at Microsoft as non-executive chairman.
Bill Gates was number one on the Forbes 400 list from 1993 through to 2007 and number one on Forbes list of The World's Richest People from 1995 to 2007 and 2009. In 1999, Gates's wealth briefly surpassed $101 billion, causing the media to call him a "centibillionaire". Since 2000, the nominal value of his Microsoft holdings has declined due to a fall in Microsoft's stock price after the dot-com bubble burst and the multi-billion dollar donations he has made to his charitable foundations. In a May 2006 interview, Gates commented that he wished that he were not the richest man in the worldbecause he disliked the attention it brought. Gates has several investments outside Microsoft, which in 2006 paid him a salary of $616,667 and $350,000 bonus totalling $966,667. He founded Corbis, a digital imaging company, in 1989. In 2004 he became a director of Berkshire Hathaway, the investment company headed by long-time friend Warren Buffett. In March 2010 Bill Gates was bumped down to the second wealthiest man behind Carlos Slim Helu.

Warren Buffett - 3rd place in Richest Man Top 2011

Warren Buffett

Warren Edward Buffett (born August 30, 1930) is an American business magnate, investor, and philanthropist. He is widely regarded as one of the most successful investors in the world. Often introduced as "legendary investor, Warren Buffett", he is the primary shareholder, chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway. He is consistently ranked among the world's wealthiest people. He was ranked as the world's wealthiest person in 2008 and is the third wealthiest person in the world as of 2011.
Buffett is called the "Wizard of Omaha", "Oracle of Omaha" or the "Sage of Omaha" and is noted for his adherence to the value investing philosophy and for his personal frugality despite his immense wealth. Buffett is also a notable philanthropist, having pledged to give away 99 percent of his fortune to philanthropic causes, primarily via the Bill Gates Foundation. He also serves as a member of the board of trustees at Grinnell College.
In 2008, Buffett became the richest man in the world dethroning Bill Gates, worth $62 billion according to Forbes, and $58 billion according to Yahoo. Bill Gates had been number one on the Forbes list for 13 consecutive years. In 2009, Bill Gates regained number one of the list according to Forbes magazine, with Buffett second. Their values have dropped to $40 billion and $37 billion respectively, Buffett having (according to Forbes) lost $25 billion in 12 months during 2008/2009.
In 2008 he was ranked by Forbes as the richest person in the world with an estimated net worth of approximately US$62 billion. In 2009, after donating billions of dollars to charity, Buffett was ranked as the second richest man in the United States with a net worth of US$37 billion with only Bill Gatesranked higher than Buffett. His net worth is up to $47 billion in the past 12 months.
Numerous books have been written about Warren Buffett and his investment strategies. In October 2008, USA Today reported that there were at least 47 books in print with Buffett's name in the title. The article quoted the CEO of Borders Books, George Jones, as saying that the only other living persons named in as many book titles were U.S. presidents, major world political figures, and the Dalai Lama. Buffett said that his own personal favorite is a collection of his essays called The Essays of Warren Buffett, which he described as "a coherent rearrangement of ideas from my annual report letters" as edited by Larry Cunningham.

Bernard Arnault - 4th place in Richest Man Top 2011


Bernard Arnault

Bernard Arnault(born 5 March 1949) is a French business magnate who is best known as the chairman and CEO of the French conglomerate LVMH. According to Forbes Magazine, Arnault is the world's 4th and Europe's richest person, with a 2011 net worth of US$41 billion.In 1987, shortly after the creation of LVMH, Mr Arnault exploited a growing conflict between Alain Chevalier, Moet Hennessy's CEO, and Henri Racamier, president of Louis Vuitton. The new group held property rights to Dior perfumes, which Arnault craved to incorporate into Dior Couture. He created a holding company of which he owned 60% and Guinness, who had a distribution agreement with Moet-Hennessy, owned 40%. Following the October 1987 stock market crash, he capitalized on the lower quoted price and soon owned 43% of LVMH. He then consolidated his position by purging executives from both companies including appointing his father Jean Leon Arnault Chairman of the Supervisory board before officially taking over as Chairman & CEO in 1989.In 2007, he acquired 10.69% of France's largest supermarket retailer and the world's second largest food distributor, Carrefour through his Blue Capital, which is jointly owned by California property firm Colony Capital.He has since then led the company through an ambitious development plan, turning it into one of the largest luxury groups in the world, alongside Swiss luxury giant Richemont and French based PPR Group.Among other companies, Arnault also owned the art auction house Phillips de Pury & Company from 1999 to 2003.

Larry Ellison - 5th place in Richest Man Top 2011

Larry Ellison

Lawrence Joseph "Larry" Ellison (born August 17, 1944) is the co-founder and chief executive officer of Oracle Corporation, one of the world's leading enterprise software companies. As of 2011, he is the third wealthiest American citizen, with an estimated worth of $33 billion.
In 2005, Oracle paid Larry Ellison a $975,000 salary, a $6,500,000 bonus, and other compensation of $955,100. In 2007, Larry Ellison earned a total compensation of $61,180,524, which included a base salary of $1,000,000, a cash bonus of $8,369,000, and options granted of $50,087,100. In 2008, he earned a total compensation of $84,598,700, which included a base salary of $1,000,000, a cash bonus of $10,779,000, no stocks granted, and options granted of $71,372,700. In the year ending May 31, 2009 he made $56.8 million.
For a short period in 2000,Larry Ellison was the richest man in the world.
In 2006, Forbes ranked him as the richest Californian.
On July 2, 2009, for the fourth year in a row, Oracle's Board awarded Larry Ellison another 7 million stock options.
On August 22, 2009, it was reported that Larry Ellison would be paid only $1 for his base salary for the fiscal year of 2010, down from the $1,000,000 he was paid in fiscal 2009.
As of March 10, 2010, Larry Ellison was listed on the Forbes list of billionaires as the sixth richest person in the world.Larry Ellison is the third richest American, with an estimated net worth of US $28 billion.
On July 27, 2010, The Wall Street Journal reported that Larry Ellison was the best-paid executive in the last decade, collecting a total compensation of US $1.84 billion.

Lakshmi Mittal - 6th place in Richest Man Top 2011

Lakshmi Mittal
Lakshmi Mittal (born 15 June 1950) is an Indian steel magnate. He is the chairman and chief executive officer of ArcelorMittal, the world�s largest steelmaking company.
Lakshmi Mittal is the richest man in India, Asia and the United Kingdom, and second in Europe and is presently the sixth richest individual in the world with a personal wealth of US$31.1 billion. He is the 44th "most powerful person" of the 68 individuals named in Forbes's Most Powerful People list. His daughter Vanisha Mittal's wedding was the most expensive in the recorded history of the world.
Lakshmi Mittal is an independent director of Goldman Sachs, member of Board of Directors to Goldman Sachs Media/Film IP Group, member of the Board of Directors of European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company, World Steel Association, Foreign Investment Council in Kazakhstan, the International Investment Council in South Africa, the Investors' Council to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the World Economic Forum�s International Business Council, the World Steel Association's Executive Committee, the Presidential International Advisory Board of Mozambique and the International Iron and Steel Institute�s Executive Committee.
In 2006, Financial Times named him "Person of the Year". In 2007, Time magazine included him in their "100 most influential persons in the world".

Amancio Ortega - 7th place in Richest Man Top 2011

Amancio Ortega

Amancio Ortega (born March 28, 1936) is a Spanish fashion entrepreneur. He is the founder, along with his then-wife Rosalia Mera, and chairman of the Inditex Group. He is ranked by Forbes as Spain's richest man; Europe's second richest man; and the seventh richest man in the world in 2011 . He currently lives with his second wife in a discreet apartment building in the centre of A Coruna.
Amancio Ortega arrived at La Coruna, Spain, at the age of 14, due to the job of his father, a railway worker. Starting as a gofer in various shirt stores in La Coruna, Galicia, in 1972 he founded Confecciones Goa (his initials in reverse), which made bathrobes. In 1975 he opened the first store in what would grow into the enormously popular chain of fashion stores called Zara. He owns 59.29% of the Inditex group (Industrias de Diseno Textil Sociedad Anonima) which includes the brands Zara, Massimo Dutti, Oysho, Zara Home, Kiddy's Class, Tempe, Stradivarius, Pull and Bear/Often and Bershka and has more than 92,000 employees.
Amancio Ortega keeps a very low profile and there are practically no photographs of him (except from one photo published at the Inditex website). He refuses to wear a tie, and likes to dress in blue jeans and T-shirts. He is said to take a very active part in the production and design process in the company.
When he made a public appearance in 2000 - as part of the warm-up prior to floating his company on the stock market in 2001 - it made headlines in the Spanish financial press. However, he has never given an interview, and his secrecy has led to the publication of books such as Amancio Ortega: DE CERO A ZARA (From Zero to Zara).
Amancio Ortega, announced his imminent retirement from the fast-fashion giant Inditex, parent company of the Zara chain, stating that he will ask Inditex vice-president and CEO Pablo Isla to take his place at the helm of the textile empire.

Eike Batista - 8th place in Richest Man Top 2011

Eike Batista
Eike Batista (born November 3, 1956), is a Brazilian entrepreneur and president of the EBX Group , which includes five companies that trade on the BOVESPA's Novo Mercado, a special segment of the Sao Paulo stock market where enterprises with the highest standards of corporate governance are listed. The EBX companies listed on the BOVESPA are: OGX (oil and gas), MPX (energy), LLX (logistics), MMX (mining) and OSX (offshore services and equipment).
In 2011, Eike Batista was listed by Forbes magazine as the 8thrichest person in the world and the richest in South America. His wealth is estimated at US$ 30 billion .Eike Batista was also featured in Bloomberg Markets magazine as the only Brazilian on the list of the 50 most influential people in global finance, published for the first time in September of 2011. The magazine focused on people "whose comments move markets; whose deals set the value of companies or securities; whose ideas and policies shape corporations, governments and economies".
At the end of 2010, the magazine ranked Batista as the 58th most powerful person in the world, placing him as Brazil's most powerful person after the current president of Brazil, Dilma Rousseff. The newspaper Folha de S. Paulo describes Batista as an example of a "self-made man", an entrepreneur with a fortune acquired through his own efforts (and not through inheritance).
The top-ranked Brazilian in March of 2008, on the Forbes magazine list, was Antonio Ermirio de Moraes, in 77th place with a family estate of US$ 10 billion. Another 17 Brazilians were on the list, including Batista (who in 2008 said his goal was to become the richest man in the world in five years). In 2008 Batista's fortune was estimated at US$ 6.6 billion and he was ranked at the 142nd place on the list of the richest men in the world. In 2009, he moved up to the 61st position and was considered therichest man in Brazil.
According to the Brazilian weekly magazine Epoca, Eike Batista is one of the 100 most influential men in Brazil of 2010. IstoE magazine has also listed Batista as one of the 100 most influential people in 2010. In 2011, Eike Batista was included in the 1,000 CEOs ranking by Dinheiro magazine.
Eike Batista has benefited from three decades of experience in international business and has an ability to "generate wealth from scratch". Since the 1980s, Batista created and put into operation eight gold mines in Brazil and Canada (Amapari, Casa Berardi, Crix�s, Musselwhite, New Britania, Novo Astro, Novo Planeta and Paracatu), a silver mine in Chile (La Coipa), and three iron ore mines in Brazil (Mina 63, Tico-Tico and Ipe).
From 2004 to 2010 Eike Batista created and put into operation five companies: MMX (mining), MPX (energy), OGX (petroleum), LLX (logistics) and OSX (offshore industry).

Mukesh Ambani - 9th place in Richest Man Top 2011

Mukesh Ambani

Mukesh Ambani (born on 19 April 1957) is an Indian business magnate. He is the chairman and managing director of Indian conglomerate Reliance Industries, the largest private sector enterprise in India listed in Fortune 500 magazine. His personal stake in Reliance Industries is 48%. On the 29th of August 2011, Reliance Industries regained its status as the most valued firm in India, after a heady contest with ONGC and Coal India Ltd., both public sector units as well as energy giants.
In 2010, he was named among the most powerful people in the world by Forbes in its list of "68 people who matter most" As of 2011, he is the second richest man in Asia and the ninth richest man in the world with a personal wealth of US$27 billion. In 2007, a strong rally in the Indian stock market and the appreciation of the Indian rupee boosted the market capitalisation of Reliance group companies, briefly making him the world�s richest man.
He is a member of the board of directors of Bank of America Corporation and a present member of the international advisory board of the Council on Foreign Relations.
He joined Reliance Industries in 1981. He initiated Reliance's backward integration journey from textiles into polyester fibres and further into petrochemicals, petroleum refining and going up-stream into oil and gas exploration and production.
Mukesh Ambani set up one of the largest and most complex information and communications technology initiatives in the world in the form of Reliance Infocomm Limited (now Reliance Communications Limited).
Mukesh Ambani directed and led the creation of the world�s largest grassroots petroleum refinery at Jamnagar, India, with a current capacity of 660,000 barrels per day (33 million tonnes per year) integrated with petrochemicals, power generation, port and related infrastructure.

Christy Walton - 10th place in Richest Man Top 2011

Christy Walton

Christy Ruth Walton (born 1955) is the widow of John T. Walton, who was a son of Sam Walton, the founder of Wal-Mart. After John's death in June 2005, she inherited his fortune of $15.7 billion.
As of 2011, she is the 4th richest person in the United States according to Forbes Magazine and the 10th richest person in the world, as well as the richest woman in the world. As of March 2011, she had an estimated net worth of US$26.5 billion, the bulk of which comes from her shares in Wal-Mart, but also from First Solar, in which her late husband invested. She currently resides in Jackson, Wyoming and has one son, Lukas.
Facesofphilanthropy.com references Conde Nast Portfolio magazine as ranking her the highest female philanthropist, according to the amount she gives as a percentage of her wealth. Between 2002 and 2006, she contributed billions from her then $16.3 billion net worth towards philanthropic efforts.
Non-profit organizations in which Walton is actively serving include the national association of trustees and staff, corporate giving officers, and individual donors - The Philanthropy Roundtable. The San Diego Natural History Museum where she is a board member, as well as the San Diego Zoological Society and the Mingei International Museum are also institutions in which she makes donations towards. In 2006, Walton also donated her own old Victorian home to the International Community Foundation - Center for Cross-Border Philanthropy, which was built in 1896 for former National City postmaster Oliver Noyes and is of historical significance. Since her donation, she has endowed $4 million towards the edifice's preservation.
Additionally, she supports her family's own charitable foundation, the Walton Family Charitable Support Foundation, which prioritizes education and benefits colleges such as the University of Arkansas, the College of Business Administration of the University of Arkansas, and several other colleges, community trusts, universities and foundations. In 2007, her family's foundation donated as much as $1.6 billion.


wine-producing region in Italy

Introduction to Grapes and Wine Production

The Italian wine regions encompass a significant portion of the international wine market. Discover the multitude of Italy’s selections from hearty red wines , to sweet and fruity dessert wines and sparkling Spumante(champagne-like) for pairing with a perfect meal. Here you will also find information about Italian wineriesagriturismospecialty foods andregional recipes.

We invite you to explore these overview of the Italian wine regions, from northern Veneto and Piedmont, to TuscanyCampaniaApulia and the islands of Sardinia and Sicily. Learn about the grapes, wine production, history, Italian traditions and the excellent climatic conditions that enable Italy to produce some of the world’s finest wines and most appreciated specialty food such as Parmesan cheese or balsamic vinegar from Modenaamong others.

1AbruzzoAbruzzo produces one DOCG – Montepulciano d'Abruzzo Colline Teramane – and three DOC wines: Montepulciano d'AbruzzoControguerra and Trebbiano d'Abruzzo.
The region vineyards cover 33,252 hectares or 82,166 acres.; yearly wine production is 4,184,000 hectoliters or 110,541,611 gallons of which 17.6% is DOC.
2Aosta ValleyIn this small region nestled in the Western Alps along the French border, the grapes are grown up 800 meters above sea level. The Valle d'Aosta DOC zone includes seven sub-zones.
• See the complete wine list
Vineyards cover 635 hectares, or 1,569 acres; yearly wine production is 22,000 hectoliters, or 581,241 gallons; 10% white, 90% red; 22.8% is DOC.
3ApuliaApulia economy is based mainly on wine production and counts 25 DOCs including Aleatico di PugliaCacc'e Mmitte di LuceraPrimitivo di ManduriaSalice Salentino and Rosso di Cerignola among others.
• See the complete wine list
Vineyards cover 107,715 hectares or 263,693 acres; yearly wine production is 7,236,000 hectoliters or 191,175,693 gallons30% white, 70% red; 3.8% is DOC.
4BasilicataBasilicata produces only on DOC wine, the Aglianico del Vulture.
The region is is 9,992 Km2 or 6,205 square miles, vineyards cover 10,848 hectares or 26,825 acres; yearly wine production is 481,000 hectoliters or 12,708,058 gallons; 27% white, 73%red; 2.4% is DOC.
5CalabriaCalabria produces 12 DOCs including BivongiCiróGreco di BiancoPollino and Verbicaro among others.
• See the complete wine list
The region vineyards cover 24,339 hectares or 60,142 acres; yearly wine production is 753,000 hectoliters or 19,894,319 gallons; 9% white, 91% red or sosé; 2.4% isDOC.
6CampaniaCampania produces one DOCG wine – Taurasi – and 19DOCs including Aglianico del Taburno or TaburnoCampi FlegreiCilentoFiano di Avellino and Vesuvio among others.
• See the complete wine list
The region vineyards cover 41,129 hectares or 101,630 acres; yearly wine production is 1.971,000 hectoliters or 52,073,976 gallons; 36% white, 64% red; 2.8% is DOC.
7Emilia – RomagnaEmilia–Romagna produces one DOCG wine – Albana di Romagna – and 18 DOCs including three kind of Lambrusco – di SorbaraGrasparossa di Castelvetro and Salamino di Santa Croce – in addition to Sangiovese di RomagnaColli Bolognesi Pignoletto and Bosco Eliceo among others.
• See the complete wine list
The region vineyards cover 58,237 hectares or 143,904 acres; yearly wine production is 4,733,000 hectoliters or 125,046,235 gallons; 43% white, 57% red; 21.4% is DOC.
8Friuli – Venezia GiuliaFriuli–Venezia Giulia produces one DOCG wine – Ramandolo– and 9 DOCs including Colli Orientali del FriuliFriuli AquileiaCollio Goriziano or Collio and Lison – Pramaggioreamong others.
• See the complete wine list
The region vineyards cover 18,704 hectares or 46,218 acres; yearly wine production is 1,018,000 hectoliters or 26,895,640 gallons; 52% white, 48% red; 60.5% is DOC.
9LatiumLazio produces 25 DOCs including Castelli RomaniColli AlbaniMontecompatri-ColonnaEst! Est! Est! di Montefiascone and Velletri among others.
• See the complete wine list
The region vineyards cover 47.884 hectares or 118,321 acres; yearly wine production is 2,940,000 hectoliters or 77,675,033 gallons; 84% white, 16% red; 6.5% is DOC.
10LiguriaLiguria produces 7 DOCs: Cinque Terre or Cinque Terre SchiacchetràColli di LuniColline di LevantoGolfo del TigullioRiviera Ligure di PonenteRossese di Dolceacqua or Dolceacqua and Val Polcevera.
The region vineyards cover 4,837 hectares or 11,952 acres; yearly wine production is 165,000 hectoliters or 4,359,313 gallons; 66% white, 34% red; 13.9% is DOC.
11LombardyLombardy produces two DOCGs wines – Franciacorta andValtellina Superiore – and 15 DOCs including Garda ClassicoOltrepó PaveseCellatica and Botticino among others.
• See the complete wine list
The region vineyards cover 26,951 hectares or 66,593 acres; yearly wine production is 1,665,000 hectoliters or 43,989,432 gallons; 38% white, 62% red; 47.3% is DOC.
12MarchesMarche produces 12 DOCs including Bianchello del Metauro,Verdicchio dei Castelli di JesiRosso CòneroLacrima di Morro or Lacrima di Morro d'Alba, and Falerio dei Colli Ascolani among others.
• See the complete wine list
The region is 9,694 Km2 or 4,330 square miles, vineyards cover 24,590 hectares or 60,762 acres; yearly wine production is 1,815,000 hectoliters or 47,957,443 gallons; 62% white, 38% red; 19.6% is DOC.
13MoliseMolise produces only three DOC wines: BifernoMolise or del Molise and Pentro di Isernia.
The region is 4,438 Km2 or 2,756 square miles, vineyards cover 7,650 hectares or 18,903 acres; yearly wine production is 360,000 hectoliters or 9,511,228 gallons of which 3.9% is DOC.
14PiedmontPiedmont produces seven DOCGs wines – AstiBarbaresco,BaroloBrachetto d'Acqui or AcquiGavi o Cortese di Gavi,Gattinara and Ghemme – and 44 DOCs including three Barbera – d'Albad'Asti and del Monferrato – two Freisa –d'Asti and di Chieri, seven Dolcetto, Erbaluce di Caluso o Caluso and Roero among many others.
• See the complete wine list
The region vineyards cover 57,487 hectares or 142,050 acres; yearly wine production is 3,405,000 hectoliters or 89,960,369 gallons; 30% white, 70% red; 55.8% is DOC.
15Sardinia (island)Sardinia produces one DOCG – Vermentino di Gallura – and 19 DOC wines including two Malvasia – di Bosa and di Cagliari – three Moscato – di Sorso-Sennoridi Cagliari anddi Sardegna – Vernaccia di OristanoCannonau di SardegnaNuragus di Cagliari and , Carignano del Sulcis, and Mandrolisai among others.
• See the complete wine list
The region vineyards cover 43,331 hectares or 107,070 acres; yearly wine production is 1,062,000 hectoliters or 28,058.124 gallons; 43% white, 57% red; 15.6% is DOC.
16Sicily (island)Sicily produces 19 DOCs including four Moscato – di Noto Naturale or di Notodi Pantelleria Naturale or di Pantelleria,di Passito di Pantelleria or Passito di Pantelleria and di Siracusa – MarsalaCerasuolo di VittoriaMalvasia delle Lipari and Sambuca di Sicilia among others.
• See the complete wine list
The region vineyards cover 133,518 hectares or 329,923 acres; yearly wine production is 8,073,000 hectoliters or 213,000,000 gallons of which 2.1% is DOC.
17Trentino – Alto AdigeTrentino-Alto Adige produces 8 DOCs including Alto Adige or Südtirol which has six subzones, Valdadige or Etschtaler,Teroldego RotalianoCasteller and Lago di Caldaro o Caldaro among others.
• See the complete wine list
The region vineyards cover 12,810 hectares or 31,653 acres; yearly wine production is 953,000 hectoliters or 25,178,335 gallons; 45% white, 55% red; 79.1% is DOC.
18TuscanyHere they say that grapes preceded mankind ...
Tuscany produces seven DOCGs wines – Chianti which includes seven subzones, Chianti ClassicoBrunello di MontalcinoCarmignanoVernaccia di San Gimignano andVino Nobile di Montepulciano – and 44 DOCs includingBolgheri or Bolgheri SassicaiaValdichianaBianco della Valdinievole and Ansonica Costa dell'Argentario among many others.
• See the complete wine list
The region vineyards cover 63,633 hectares or 157,237 acres; yearly wine production is 2,156,000 hectoliters or 56,961,690 gallons; 30% white, 70% red; 55.5% is DOC.
19UmbriaUmbria produces two DOCGs wines – Montefalco Sagrantino and Torgiano Rosso Riserva – and 11 DOCs including Rosso Orvietano or Orvietano RossoColli del Trasimeno or TrasimenoAssisi, and Colli Altotiberini among others.
• See the complete wine list
The region vineyards cover 16,503 hectares or 40,779 acres; yearly wine production is 740,000 hectoliters or 19,550,858 gallons; 58% white, 42% red; 30.5% is DOC.
20VenetoVeneto produces two DOCGs wines – Recioto di Soave andBardolino – and 11 DOCs including SoaveValpolicella o Recioto della ValpolicellaLessini DurelloBianco di Custozaand Prosecco di Conegliano Valdobbiadene among others.
• See the complete wine list
The region vineyards cover 73,314 hectares or 186,101 acres; yearly wine production is 6,785,000 hectoliters or 179,260,237 gallons; 55.4% white, 44.6% red; 29.1% isDOC.